1）Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.

目的状语：Forasocialepidemictooccur

但是一种社会流行潮要最终形成，每个受到有影响力人士影响的人都必须接着影响自己的熟人，继而这些熟人又必须再影响他们的熟人，并依次影响下去；这些人中的每个人能得到多少人关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。

解析：

主语：eachperson

谓语：musttheninfluence

宾语：hisorherownacquaintances

定语从句：whomustinturninfluencetheirs

主语从句：justhowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeople

谓语：haslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential

2）Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

但脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新习惯时，我们会在大脑中生成相应的（神经）通路，甚至生成全新的脑细胞，（这些新的通路和脑细胞）能使我们的思路跳上新的、创新的轨道。

主语：brainresearchers

谓语：havediscovered

宾语从句：wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells

时间状语从句：whenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits

定语从句：thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

3）Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

时间状语：whileexamininghousingconstruction

更近些时候研究者在调查房屋建筑时发现，尽管建筑业的工作很复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯敦市那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却始终能达到劳动生产率的最佳实践标准。

主语：theresearchers

谓语：discovered

宾语从句：thatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandards

让步状语：despitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

4）Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthatthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“Comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople.”

性的困惑、经济挫折和宗教期望——所有这些在以下这一关键性时刻一齐涌来：他打开《圣经》，告诉父亲他读到的第一行字将决定他的命运，接着便读到了以下神奇的语句：“从他们中走出来吧，不要沾染不洁之物。”我将是你的上帝，你将是我的子民。

同位语：Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope

主语：all

谓语：cametogether

时间状语：inadecisivemoment

定语从句：whenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthatthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords

宾语从句：thatthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate

同位语：“Comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople.”