There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every:

each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

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四．形容词和副词 I. 形容词： 1. 形容词的位置：

1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的1 复合不定代词时 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或onlythe best book available, the only 2 修饰的名词之后 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 5 成对的形容词可以后置 6 形容词短语一般后置 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序： 代词 冠词 冠词前指示代词 的形容不定代词 词 代词所有格 名the all both such a second one this next another your 3) 复合形容词的构成：

1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 6 名词+形容词 7 名词+现在分词 8 名词+过去分词 world-famous peace-loving snow-covered four poor square good short cool yellow London stone beautiful large new black Chinese silk 词 序数词 基数词 状态 形状 性质 长短 温度 大小 新旧 颜色 产地 质地 国籍 材料 数词 性状形容词 solution possible the only person awake a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful a man difficult to get on with nobody absent, everything possible 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 整理by中考英语贴吧 吧友：正义直言吖 7

4 副词+现在分词 5 副词+过去分词 II. 副词 副词的分类：

hard-working newly-built 9 数词+名词+ed 10 数词+名词 three-egged twenty-year soon, now, early, finally, once, 1 时间副词 recently here, nearby, outside, upwards, 2 地点副词 above hard, well, fast, slowly, 3 方式副词 excitedly, really almost, nearly, very, fairly, 4 程度副词 quite, rather III. 形容词和副词比较等级：

7 连接副词 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 8 关系副词 when, where, why 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

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五．介词 I. 介词分类： 1 简单介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 2 合成介词 3 短语介词 4 双重介词 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分词转化成的介词 considering(就而论), including 6 形容词转化成的介like, unlike, near, next, opposite 词 II. 常用介词区别： 1 表示时间的in, on, at 2 表示时间的since, from 间的某一点开始 in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过3 表示时间的in, after 去时的一段时间中 4 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外 5 表示“在…上”的on, in 表示“穿过”的through, 6 across 与on有关 7 表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述 8 between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 besides指“除了…还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不9 besides与except的区别 放在句首 with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，10 表示“用”的in, with 语言，声音 as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相11 as与like的区别 似 on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关 since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时整理by中考英语贴吧 吧友：正义直言吖 9

in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位12 in与into区别 置 六．动词 I. 动词的时态：

1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在时 ask / asks 过去时 asked 将来时 shall/will ask 过去将来时 should/would ask should/would be asking am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking have/has asked have/has been asking had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked had been asking shall/will have been should/would have been asking asking 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：

I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)

2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关） 3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：

两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。

I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。

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