初中英语语法讲解

在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：

一、 可数名词与不可数名词

在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos

hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos

2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans

German --- Germans

child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep

还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of

另外，大家应注意：单数***名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数***名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：

Class Five have a foreign friend.

五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。）

His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述***名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city.

我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.

初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格

名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况

下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加’s，而应该加-’即可。例如，boys

’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗？对，Jones’s car。 下面我们来做一部分习题。 1. June 1st is ___ Day.

A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s 答案：D

2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.

A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any 答案：B

3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table. A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks 答案：D

4. We have got a lot of___ today.

A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks

to do

D. book to read 答案：B

5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many 答案：C

6. Will you pass me ___?

A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks 答案：A

7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.

A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her 答案：B

下面请大家自己练习一下。 1. September 10th is ___ Day.

A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s 答案：B

2. ---Can I help you, sir?

---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw

pictures on them.

A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper 答案：B

3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please? ---No, thank you. I still have some.

A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all 答案：A

4. ___ the old woman is in!

A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health 答案：A

① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ ② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ ③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ ④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！

⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ ⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语！

5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.

A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her 答案：B

6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over